Sexy Killers dan Tragedi Kapitalisme

Karl Marx adalah orang yang paling jeli melihat cara kerja ideologi dalam sistem kapitalisme. Menurut Marx, ideologi bekerja seperti camera obscura yang dapat mendistorsi dan memutarbalikkan realita.

Layaknya Before the Flood (film documenter Amerika 2016 yang dinarasikan oleh Leonardo DiCaprio)Sexy Killers mencoba memotret bisnis tambang batu bara dan pembangunan PLTU (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap) di beberapa wilayah Indonesia yang sejatinya kontra-produktif dengan kepentingan ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan dan kelestarian lingkungan.

Uniknya, Sexy Killers juga mampu menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang bermain dalam bisnis tambang batu bara, tidak lain adalah dua kubu elit politik yang, pada pemilu 2019, saling berebut kekuasaan.

Sexy Killers dimulai dengan adegan sepasang kekasih yang sedang berbulan madu sembari menikmati fasilitas yang begitu lengkap di sebuah apartemen. Jika dilihat sepintas, adegan ini tampak tidak relevan dengan isu yang coba diangkat oleh Sexy Killers itu sendiri. Namun, di sinilah letak peran penting narator; dengan kecerdikannya, narator berhasil menjadikan “sepasang kekasih” sebagai prototipe dari orang-orang yang tidak menyadari sumber “kenikmatan” mereka.

Situasi sepasang kekasih tersebut bahkan tidak lebih buruk dari pada situasi para penontonnya. Para penonton, melalui adegan demi adegan dalam Sexy Killers, berpura-pura untuk tidak menyadari bahwa energi yang mereka gunakan untuk menikmati tontonan, erat kaitannya dengan bisnis tambang batu bara dan pembangunan PLTU.

Situasi para penonton, meminjam perumpamaan Zizek, tidak ada bedanya dengan situasi kritikus lingkungan yang mengkritik penebangan hutan sembari berupaya tidak menyadari bahwa kertas di mana ia menulis kritiknya, tidak lain adalah hasil dari apa yang ia kritik.

Singkatnya, jika pasangan yang sedang berbulan madu menikmati kenikmatan mereka hanya karena mereka tidak menyadari asal-usulnya, maka penonton sepenuhnya menyadari asal-usul kenikmatan mereka, namun mereka tetap saja menikmatinya. Dalam situasi seperti ini, masihkah kritik menemukan justifikasinya? tentu, karena tanpa kritik, situasi yang serba paradoks ini justru akan melanggengkan status quo.

Krisis lingkungan hidup memang seharusnya menjadi perhatian semua kalangan. Pada tahun 2010 di Bolivia, sebagaimana dikutip oleh Fred Magdoff dan John Bellamy Foster dalam Lingkungan Hidup dan Kapitalisme, lembaga-lembaga pemerhati lingkungan hidup mengadakan konferensi yang melahirkan satu kesimpulan bahwa kerusakan lingkungan merupakan efek langsung dari sistem ekonomi hari ini, yang tujuan utamanya bukanlah pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok manusia, melainkan akumulasi kapital yang tanpa batas.

Mengingat dunia yang kita tempati merupakan suatu dunia yang terbatas, maka wajar saja jika kemudian sistem ekonomi yang berorientasi pada akumulasi kapital, tidak akan pernah dapat didamaikan dengan kelestarian lingkungan.

Persoalannya kemudian adalah, dapatkah sistem kapitalisme itu bertahan menghadapi kerusakan lingkungan yang sebenarnya telah ia ciptakan sendiri? tidak, bahkan Zizek tidak ragu mengatakan bahwa krisis lingkungan yang pada hari ini kita rasakan merupakan salah satu dari gejala akhir sejarah, yaitu sejarah kapitalisme itu sendiri.

Oleh karena itu, sekalipun kaum kapitalis khawatir dengan kerusakan lingkungan, itu bukan karena kepeduliannya pada lingkungan, melainkan karena kerusakan lingkungan dapat merusak proses akumulasi kapital.

Kembali pada Sexy Killers. Keberaniannya mengaitkan bisnis tambang batu bara dengan kondisi ekonomi-politik indonesia hari ini, mengingatkan kita kembali pada doktrin marxisme-leninisme yang dianggap telah usang.

Lenin, melalui karyanya Imperialisme sebagai Tahap Tertinggi Kapitalisme, mengatakan bahwa kesetaraan yang dicita-citakan oleh kapitalisme tidak akan pernah terwujud melalui persaingan bebas. Yang ada sebaliknya, persaingan bebas justru melahirkan monopoli dan ketimpangan sosial.

Dalam Sexy Killers, penonton akan melihat bagaimana monopoli ini dimainkan oleh segelintir elit politik atas sumber daya alam. Tentu saja orang-orang yang bermain dalam monopoli tersebut akan menjustifikasi monopoli mereka atas sumber daya alam dengan dalih kepentingan umum. Persis seperti inilah kerja ideologi dalam sistem kapitalisme.

Karl Marx adalah orang yang paling jeli melihat cara kerja ideologi dalam sistem kapitalisme. Menurut Marx, ideologi bekerja seperti camera obscura yang dapat mendistorsi dan memutarbalikkan realita. Bila perlu, kaum kapitalis dapat menyewa kaum intelektual untuk menyebarkan ideologinya di tengah-tengah masyarakat.

Dengan dalih kepentingan umum, kaum kapitalis akan meyakinkan kita bahwa energi batu bara adalah satu-satunya energi yang paling ekonomis. Padahal, dibalik ekonomisnya energi batu bara, terdapat begitu banyak kerusakan lingkungan yang tidak diinternalisasi. “Jika kapitalisme dipaksa menginternalisasi semua biaya sosial dan lingkungan yang ditimbulkannya, dia akan gulung tikar”, demikian David Harvey mengatakan.

Sumber ilustrasi: UN Environment

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