DERRIDA: Sebuah Perayaan Kematian Logos

The poet…is the man of metaphor: while the philosopher is interested only in the truth of meaning, beyond even signs and names, and the sophist manipulates empty signs…the poet plays on the multiplicity of signifieds. (Jacques Derrida)

“Saya sangat kecewa dengan penggunaan kata “dekonstruksi”. Saya merasa telah terjadi eksploitasi atas istilah itu. Pada akhirnya, mahasiswa yang baru lulus menggunakan kata “dekonstruksi” sebagai stereotipe untuk menghancurkan, untuk merusak, untuk mengusur…,”. Demikian gerutu Jacques Derrida, filsuf yang selalu bercuriga itu.

Bagi Derrida (dan para pengikutnya), dekonstruksi bukanlah sebuah teori yang mesti didefinisikan lantaran sifatnya yang senantiasa terbuka bagi beragam tafsir. Tetapi ia adalah semacam strategi tekstual yang cuma bisa diterapkan secara langsung tatkala kita berhadapan dengan teks dan mempermainkannya dengan parodi.

Pada umumnya, Derrida dan para pengikutnya selalu menolak untuk mendefinisikan dekonstruksi. Karena bagi mereka, definisi adalah pembatasan, sementara dekonstruksi sendiri merupakan usaha untuk menerobos batas. Simon Citchley pernah mencoba mencari penjelasan tentang dekonstruksi ini kepada Derrida setelah membaca kecenderungannya tersebut dengan mengajukan pertanyaan, ”Bagaimana dekonstruksi terjadi atau mengambil tempat?” Dan jawaban Derrida adalah, ”Dekonstruksi selalu merupakan dekonstruksi atas sebuah teks.” Dengan begitu, Citchley kemudian menarik kesimpulan jika pemikiran Derrida selalu merupakan pemikiran tentang sebuah teks dan dekonstruksi senantiasa terkait dengan pembacaan atas sebuah teks.

Derrida, si penggerutu itu, dilahirkan di El Biar, Aljazair, 15 Juli 1930 dan meninggal dunia di Paris, Prancis, 9 Oktober 2004 akibat kanker pankreas. Beribu (mungkin tak terhitung) tulisan tentang dirinya dan kajian terhadap pemikirannya telah ditulis dan didiskusikan sebelum dan setelah kematiannya, sehingga tak pelak lagi, jejak-jejak dekonstruksi yang ditinggalkannya nyaris memenuhi wacana pemikiran di beragam bidang.

Deconstruction, yang barangkali hanyalah sebuah kata sederhana dalam bahasa Prancis, berkat Derrida telah mengglobal dan memasuki berbagai bahasa, menyeruak ke dalam berbagai wilayah keilmuan, dari sastra, arsitektur, teologi, ekonomi, seni rupa, hukum, politik, sejarah, hingga kritik film.

Presiden Prancis, Jacques Chiac, berkaitan dengan meninggalnya tokoh filsafat yang kontroversial ini, konon menyebut Derrida sebagai ”filsuf kontemporer terbaik dunia, salah satu intelektual paling besar di zaman kita.”

Nama Derrida mulai mengemuka terutama ketika ia menjadi pembicara di Universitas Johns Hopkins, Amerika Serikat tahun 1966 dengan makalah ”Structure, Sign and Play in Discourse of The Human Science”. Penolakannya terhadap perkembangan sejarah filsafat Barat kala itu menimbulkan kegemparan dan mendapat tanggapan luas. Dan semenjak itulah, dekonstruksi menjadi semacam palu yang memukul penalaran dan bahasa kita.

Dari asal katanya, de dan construire, dekonstruksi barangkali mewakili sebuah cita-cita atau hasrat untuk merontokkan bangunan yang mapan, membongkar sebuah konstruksi. Di dalam kepala Derrida, dekonstruksi adalah cara membaca teks dengan menggeser ”pusat” (center) sebagai acuan dan membuka peluang kepada pemikiran-pemikiran yang berada di ”pinggiran”(margin) untuk berperan.

Pemikirannya ini syahdan banyak dipengaruhi oleh dua tradisi besar pemikiran abad ke-20, yakni fenomenologi dan strukturalisme, di samping eksistensialisme. Ketertarikannya pada fenomenologi, terutama fenomenologi versi awalnya Edmund Husserl dan Martin Heidegger ditunjukkannya dengan naskah pertamanya yang berupa manuskrip, “The Problem of Genesis in Husserl’s Phenomenology”. Naskah itu ditulisnya sebagai prasyarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana filsafat pada tahun 1954. Menyusul pada tahun 1962, ia menerjemahkan karya Husserl, “Foundation of Geometry” ke dalam bahasa Prancis dengan memberikan sebuah pengantar sepanjang 170 halaman yang berjudul ”Asal-Usul Geometri”, di mana ia mengkritisi pandangan Husserl atas tanda dan fungsi tanda dalam kesadaran.

Semua gagasan Derrida dapat dikatakan hasil dari pembacaannya yang teliti atas teks-teks Roussean, Ferdinand de Saussure, Husserl, Levinas, Heidegger, Bataille, Hegel, Foucault, Descartes, Levi-Strauss, Jabes, Freud dan lain-lain, yang diakuinya dengan jujur telah amat berjasa membangun dasar pemikirannya.

Barangkali benar apa yang dikatakan oleh banyak pihak, bahwa untuk memahami pemikiran Derrida adalah cukup sulit. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan Derrida tidak pernah menulis suatu buku yang utuh mengenai metodenya. Ia tidak seperti Michael Foucault yang memiliki “The Archeology of Knowlegde” atau Roland Barthes dengan “Element of Semiology”. Barangkali pula lantaran Derrida telah menciptakan istilah-istilah baru (neologi) seperti “differ(a)nce”—sebagai sebuah upaya menjaga jarak dengan filsafat lain—yang arti khususnya tak pernah sepenuhnya ia rumuskan.

Filsafat Derrida, sejak semula dan pada akhirnya mungkin adalah sebuah penafsiran, yang ia mulai dengan menafsirkan teks-teks filsafat dan mencari kelemahan-kelemahannya yang tersembunyi seraya mempermainkan logika dan asumsi dalam teks-teks tersebut. Ia mengemukakan gagasan-gagasannya yang muncul dari teks-teks yang ia baca, yang mulanya lolos dari perhatian. Karena itu, isinya seringkali menjadi tak terduga dan mengagetkan.

Dalam membaca, Derrida begitu perhatian terhadap semua tanda grafis, pengulangan, koreksi, huruf miring, titik-koma, tanda kurung yang bagaikan muncul melalui mutu suara kata-kata dalam bahasa aslinya di mana pun dihasilkan. Baginya, tak ada stabilitas makna dalam teks lantaran sebuah teks bakal selalu ditandai oleh dinamika terus-menerus yang tak mungkin distabilkan ke dalam satu tafsir tunggal.

Ia menawarkan sebuah pembacaan radikal atas filsafat dan sejarah filsafat itu sendiri, menggugat dan mempertanyakan kembali filsafat yang diklaim sebagai satu-satunya penjelasan bagi dunia peristiwa. Dengan metode yang “anti-metode”, ia mendekonstruksi pengandaian-pengandaian yang paten dalam teks dan memperlihatkan kompleksitas penafsiran yang mungkin dicerap dari teks.

Derrida memulai filsafatnya yang tanpa kata akhir—karena selalu dimulai dengan pertanyaan dan diakhiri dengan pertanyaan—itu dengan sebuah “kecurigaan” akan makna transendental dan asumsi-asumsi metafisik dalam teks. Dalam mencari “logika permainan yang dikangkangi oleh kuasa penafsiran” lewat pembacaannya yang telaten, Derrida pun menyimpulkan bahwa “tak ada apa pun di luar teks”. Karena itu, kebenaran adalah intertekstual, kesalingbergantungan satu teks dengan teks yang lain tanpa bisa selesai dirumuskan dan ditafsir ulang.

Ia membongkar klaim-klaim kebenaran dari sistem diskursif filsafat dan metafisika untuk membebaskan penafsiran dari beban makna dan mencoba menjadikan proses pembacaan atas teks lepas dari kuasa yang berhasrat menstabilkan penafsiran ke dalam satu modus pemaknaan tertentu.

Derrida mulai menabuh genderang perangnya terhadap dominasi logosentrisme dalam metafisika Barat dengan filsafat yang berbasis bahasa melalui karya-karyanya yang terbit di tahun 1967: “Of Grammatology”, “Writing and Differences”, dan “Speech and Phenomena”, di mana ia mendekonstruksi anggapan biner pemikiran Barat yang mengutamakan bahasa lisan di atas tulisan.

Dalam berbagai esainya, Derrida menunjukkan bagaimana para filsuf dan ilmuwan selama ini lebih mementingkan lisan (speech) daripada tulisan (writing). Padahal, tulisan, menurutnya adalah yang pertama, mendahului suara. Ini bukan berarti bahwa manusia mulai dengan tulisan fonetik, tetapi lebih kepada pengertian bahwa suara (yang oral) tak akan pernah jalan tanpa disertai tanda-tanda grafis apapun.

Tulisan telah menjadi bagian dari eksistensi sosial dan tak dapat ditentukan waktu munculnya yang oleh para antropolog sering disebut sebagai konvensi grafis. Dalam konteks ini, “otentisitas” murni yang dibayangkan oleh Levi-Strauss dan Roussean misalnya, telah dihancurkan oleh tulisan, karena tulisan itu telah ada di dalam lisan. Otoritas yang ditemui pada suara bukanlah merupakan tempat perjumpaan dengan diri yang selalu disertai suatu penurunan nilai melalui tulisan (sebagai “kuburan suara”), namun tulisan di sini seyogianya merupakan suatu penulisan sebelum tulisan fonetik. Ia sezaman dengan kelahiran bahasa, dipenuhi dengan dualitas petanda/ tinanda (signified) dan yang ditandai/ penanda (signifier).

Dekonstruksi Derrida adalah strategi pembacaan yang mengungkapkan “keretakan” pada teks dan oposisi biner pada konsepnya, seperti budaya dan alam atau tulisan dan lisan.

Ia maju ke tahap selanjutnya dengan mengedepankan tulisan dalam filsafatnya, di mana tulisan hadir di dalam tema hakiki dari lisan sekaligus di dalam teks. Dengan demikian, dekonstruksi berarti upaya pengungkapan aktif atas tulisan yang tertekan sekaligus siap muncul.

Ya, pemikiran Derrida ini menjadi pokok kontroversi antara mereka yang menyetujui dengan mereka yang tak setuju. Mereka yang tidak menyetujuinya, menganggap tulisan-tulisan Derrida penuh dengan khayalan-khayalan absurd, gelap, dan bukan uraian filsafat. Ia dinilai nihilis, lantaran kegemarannya mencari-cari sisi gelap dari suatu pandangan filsafat dan membongkarnya terus-menerus.

Penegasiannya secara ad absurdum, tak berbatas, berpotensi untuk merontokkan setiap pandangan yang hendak mengukuhkan kebenaran mutlak sebagai pusat pembicaraan atas sebuah teks. Karena itulah, di tahun 1962, muncul perdebatan sengit di kalangan profesor Cambridge, yang akan memberikan penghargaan tahunan untuk dirinya. Dekonstruksi yang ia bawa dianggap sebagai gimmick intellectual, tidak berisi apa-apa kecuali permainan bahasa, akal bulus dan tipu daya seperti pemikiran para Dadais. Gadamer, misalnya, menilai karya-karya Derrida tak memiliki kaitan soal kemanusiaan, religius, dan moral yang menjadi perhatian dan tuntutan para filsul dan ilmuwan.

Mempertanyakan “Kehadiran”, Menggugat Ontologi

Konsep dekonstruksi yang dikembangkan oleh Jacques Derrida sebetulnya bermula dari kritikannya terhadap strukturalisme dan pemikiran-pemikiran semiotika Ferdinand de Saussure. Strukturalisme menurut Derrida terlampau menggantungkan diri pada apa yang disebutnya sebagai “pusat” (center) atau “asal-usul tetap” (fixed origin) sebagai tempat bersandar dan bermuaranya setiap makna.

Pusat ini mengendalikan sekaligus membatasi ruang gerak, dinamika, dan produtivitas tanda-tanda, sehingga menutup pintu bagi kreativitas tanda dan kemungkinan baru tanda yang tidak terpikirkan (unthinkable), tak terbayangkan (unimaginable) dan tak terrepresentasikan (unrepresentable), yang baginya hanya dapat dilakukan jika bahasa melepaskan dirinya dari penjara struktur dan cara berpikir struktur.

Dalam sejarahnya, strukturalisme tidak bisa melepaskan diri dari beragam penjara “pusat” yang bereproduksi dari satu determinasi pusat ke determinasi pusat yang lain, yang namanya berbeda-beda, namun bersumber pada fondasi dan prinsip akhir yang sama seperti: hakikat, eksistensi, substansi, subyek, transendentalitas, kesadaran, kebajikan, Tuhan, manusia dan lain-lain. Pusat-pusat ini bagi Derrida, walaupun mengandung sifat-sifat transenden atau melampaui pengalaman, tetapi dianggap menjadi pondasi bagi eksistensi sebuah tanda atau sistem penandaan. Dan inilah yang disebut Derrida sebagai kecenderungan metafisika kehadiran (metaphysics of presence) yang menjadi sasaran utama dekonstruksinya.

Derrida menarik kesimpulan bahwa garis besar metafisika Barat adalah determinasi: “ada” (being) sebagai “hadir” (presence). Sejak jaman Plato, filsafat Barat telah memahami “ada” ini untuk menandai “kehadiran” dalam waktu, sebagai sebuah kecenderungan untuk mengukuhkan kebenaran mutlak atas bahasa atau fenomena. Dalam metafisika semacam ini, “ada” selalu mengandaikan hadirnya sesuatu, bahkan sesuatu yang tak teraba seperti dewa dalam mitologi.

“Ada” ini selanjutnya dihadirkan dalam “kekinian” yang permanen, yang membuat kita senantiasa memahami dunia dengan dua kemungkinan yaitu “ada” dan “tidak ada” (presence and absence). Di mana “kehadiran” bisa identik dengan pikiran, cogito, diri, Tuhan, dan lain-lainnya sebagai sesuatu yang tetap dan tak berubah.

Pembacaan dekonstruktivis yang diusung Derrida membawa konsekuensi serius pada khazanah pemikiran lantaran kecenderungannya yang anti-fondasionalisme; bagaimana setiap klaim kebenaran dipertanyakan dengan memeriksa asumsi metafisik yang menjadi landasan filsafat untuk membangun pandangan dunianya.

Bagi Derrida, apa yang kita bayangkan sebagai “totalitas” sesungguhnya tak pernah ada karena persinggungan kita dengan dunia senantiasa diwadahi oleh bahasa, sementara bahasa tak ada apa-apanya selain perbedaan demi perbedaan yang dikonstruksi oleh permainan tanda atau pemberian nama. Di mana menamai adalah sebuah upaya menandai, menjadikan sesuatu sebagai tanda yang dapat kita tangkap maknanya. Nama ini—meminjam Adorno—lahir dari hasrat kita untuk mengklasifikasikan segala sesuatu, dan mengurungnya ke dalam konsep dan kategori yang kita miliki.

Tetapi nama atau tanda ini tidak selamanya merangkul “yang beda” dan menguasainya ke dalam sebuah konsep. Ia hanyalah penunjuk ke sesuatu yang lenyap dari jangkauan kita dan tak pernah hadir. Sebuah nama merupakan isyarat bahwa “kehadiran” yang kita kehendaki senantiasa lolos dan menyisakan jejak/ bekas (trace). Kehadiran itu hanyalah bisa kita telusuri melalui jejaknya. Jejak atau bekas (trace) ini adalah salah satu istilah terkenal yang diperkenalkan Derrida untuk membangun filsafatnya, selain gramatologi (ilmu tentang gramma—tulisan/ huruf) dan

(gabungan dari difference atau “perbedaan” dengan differer yang artinya “berbeda” dan “menunda”).

Definisi dari istilah-istilah ini memang tidak mudah untuk dijelaskan. Upaya untuk menjelaskannya seringkali hanya menjadi semacam reduksi atau penyederhanaan. Gramatologi dalam konsep Derrida tidak hanya membahas tulisan yang biasa tetapi suatu tulisan dalam pengertian jaringan tanda, suatu ilmu tentang tekstualitas. Sebuah tulisan bagi Derrida—seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya—haruslah dipikirkan dalam waktu bersamaan, sebagai yang lebih eksterior dari lisan, tidak hanya simbolnya saja; dan yang lebih interior dari lisan, yang di dalamnya ada tulisan (Of Grammatology, 1967).

Dalam relasinya dengan jaringan tanda ini, Derrida kemudian mengusulkan untuk mengganti Semiologi/ Semiotika (ilmu tentang tanda yang lebih luas dari linguistik) yang diramalkan kemunculannya oleh de Saussure dalam “Course in General Linguistics” dengan gramatologi. Di mana nantinya substitusi ini akan memberikan teori tentang tulisan suatu cakupan yang diperlukan sebagai reaksi atas tekanan logosentrik dan pensubordinasian ke linguistik. Derrida mencoba membebaskan proyek semiologis itu sendiri dari apa yang dibangun oleh linguistik dan dikendalikan sebagai pusat sekaligus tujuan akhirnya.

Dalam kerangka gramatologi inilah, ia memperkenalkan apa yang ia sebut sebagai “jejak” atau “bekas” yang dilembagakan. “Bekas” ini bukan suatu obyek karena sifatnya yang tidak memiliki subtansi sendiri. Ia tidak ada (hadir) tetapi sekaligus ada. “Bekas” hanya menunjukkan hal yang lain dan satu-satunya cara untuk mengenalinya adalah melalui hubungannya dengan yang lain itu.

“Bekas” dalam pernyataan “dia bekas pacarku” tidak bermakna apa-apa kecuali dalam hubungannya dengan “dia” dan “pacarku”. “Bekas” ini, di mana hubungannya dengan yang lain ditandai, mengartikulasikan kemungkinannya dalam seluruh wilayah entitas (etant) yang didefinisikan metafisika sebagai “ada-yang hadir” (being-present) mulai dari gerakan gaib “bekas”.

Dengan begitu, apa yang selama ini telah dibayangkan metafisika kehadiran sebagai “ada” tidak lain hanyalah “jejak”. Ia menjadi dasar bagi semua unsur penandaan dan kemudian menjadi konsep yang membangun hubungan difference. Derrida menolak pemahaman makna de Saussure yang mengatakan bahwa tinanda (signified—konsep) dan penanda/ makna yang ditandai (signifier—aspek material dari tanda) terikat satu sama lain secara alami. Menurut Derrida, tinanda (dalam kesatuan dengan penanda) dapat berperan dan dikenal maknanya karena perbedaannya (difference) dari tinanda-tinanda lain di sekitarnya.

Metafisika kehadiran telah membawa kita kepada pemikiran bahwa kebenaran adalah sesuatu yang tetap dan stabil. Metafisika ini, keberangkatannya tidak bisa jauh dari “kehadiran” yang dibayangkan sebagai pusat kebenaran. Atau, bisa dibilang seluruh sejarah metafisika Barat diwarnai dengan asumsi adanya suatu pusat yang tidak berubah ini. Kecenderungan seperti inilah yang disebut Derrida sebagai “logosentrisme”, sebuah kecenderungan bahasa untuk merayakan pusat-pusat metafisik dan makna-makna transenden sebagai terminal makna akhir dan kebenaran akhir yang universal (logos).

Kecenderungan semiotika struktural de Saussure dalam menyandarkan proses pertandaan pada makna dan kebenaran akhir bagi Derrida, telah menutup penafsiran-penafsiran baru (interpretation of interpretation) terhadap tanda dan menjebak setiap orang pada kebiasaan teologis yang memandang struktur tanda akan bermuara pada sebuah penanda akhir (baca: Tuhan). Dan dalam teks-teks filsafat, kehadiran “logos” ini ditampilkan dengan hadirnya “pengarang” (author) sebagai subyek yang memiliki otoritas terhadap makna yang hendak disampaikannya.

Derrida pernah mengutip pernyataan Roland Barthes yang terkenal itu, bahwa “sang pengarang sudah mati”, di mana Barthes memaksudkan tentang l’auteur atau author dari mana kata “authority” berasal untuk menunjukkan “begitu teks selesai dituliskan dan dipublikasikan”, ia telah kehilangan otoritas yang dapat menentukan mana tafsir yang benar atas teks tersebut.

Derrida sendiri mengatakan bahwa “saya mulai muncul dan lenyap” ketika berbicara mengenai teks yang ditulisnya. Tetapi Derrida tidaklah berhenti pada kematian sang pengarang pasca teks selesai ditulis, ia bahkan sampai kepada pemahaman lebih ekstrem bagaimana “sang pengarang (logos) harus memiliki kesadaran untuk bunuh diri dalam prosesnya menulis”, yang bila kita tarik ke wilayah teologis bisa saja berarti “Tuhan (logos) diharuskan membunuh dirinya sendiri dalam proses turunnya wahyu”. Teks bagi Derrida adalah milik bahasa, bukan milik pengarang yang bisa sewenang-wenang padanya atau mengurungnya.

Pembacaan Ganda, Menuju Senjakala Makna

Dekonstruksi selalu harus dimulai dengan membaca, sebagai langkah pertama dan yang paling dasar. Dalam “Of Grammatology”, Derrida menyebutnya dengan “persoalan pembacaan kritis”. Namun apabila dekonstruksi merupakan sebuah pembacaan, apakah yang membedakannya dengan pembacaan biasa yang kita kenal?

Yang membedakan dekonstruksi dengan pembacaan yang biasa kita pahami adalah aktivitas tekstual yang disebut sebagai double reading, sebuah pembacaan ganda, pembacaan dalam dua motif atau dua lapisan. Satu sisi dari pembacaan ini bermaksud menampilkan kembali apa yang disebut Derrida sebagai “tafsiran dominan” atas sebuah teks, yang berbentuk semacam komentar. Sementara di sisi lain meninggalkan tatanan komentar, menggali titik lemah dan kontradiksi dalam tafsiran dominan tersebut, yang pada giliran berikutnya akan menyajikan pada kita sebuah pembacaan yang lain. “Komentar” di sini berarti penafsiran.

Derrida tak percaya jika sebuah teks dapat diulang dan dihadirkan kembali secara murni tanpa distorsi. Makna dominan atau sebuah konsensus minimal atas teks yang mengacu kepada bagaimana teks itu lazimnya diartikan dari struktur sebuah teks dan maksud pengarang ini selalu akan berujung kepada makna tunggal atas teks yang harus dibebaskan oleh dekonstruksi dengan pembacaan kedua. Bagi Derrida, sebuah teks tidak bermakna tunggal, namun tetap selalu terbuka. Karena itu dekonstruksi membebaskan pluralitas makna teks dari represi yang dilakukan struktur dan maksud pengarang. Dengan kata lain ingin memperlihatkan bagaimana struktrur dan pengarang telah gagal menguasai teks.

Apabila Roland Barthes memusatkan pemikirannya pada subyek (pengarang) dan Julia Kristeva pada hubungan-hubungan di antara teks-teks, pemikiran Derrida lebih menitikberatkan makna atau lebih tepatnya kemustahilan makna dari sebuah teks. Ia membentangkan sebuah fajar baru filsafat dengan memproklamirkan datangnya “senjakala makna” dalam tradisi filsafat dan linguistik Barat.

Secara umum, strategi dekonstruksi Derrida hendak meruntuhkan menara hierarki dalam oposisi filsafat Barat, yang telah membuat kita tidak berurusan dengan koeksistensi damai dari dua hal yang berhadapan (vis a vis) tetapi hierarki tatanan di mana satu term menguasai term yang lain (secara axiologis, logis, dan lain-lain) atau memegang kendali atas yang lain.

Mendekonstruksi oposisi berarti juga membalikkan hierarki itu untuk sementara waktu. Mengacuhkan fase pembalikan berarti melupakan struktur konfliktual dan subordinatif dari opisisi. Dan sebagai konsekuensinya, kita pun dapat maju terlalu cepat ke naturalisasi yang dalam aplikasinya akan membiarkan bidang lama tak tersentuh, membiarkan oposisi sebelumnya tak terpegang, sehingga mencegah terjadi intervensi dalam bidang tersebut secara efektif.

Dengan demikian kita bisa melompati oposisi yang merupakan efek praktis (terutama politis). Oposisi biner ala Semiologi de Saussure dinilai Derrida melewati tradisi metafisika tetapi sekaligus masih berada di dalamnya. Dua sisi dalam kesatuan dari tanda (sign), yakni tinanda (signified) dan penanda (signifier) yang menjadi hasil dari sebuah produksi yang sama dari penandaan (signification) dan menghadirkan makna dari perbedaan satu tanda dengan tanda lain dalam pemahaman de Saussure dianggapnya bukan merupakan hubungan yang setara tetapi hubungan hierarkis yang brutal.

Dan persoalan hierarki oposisi biner ini menjadi suatu hal yang semakin “jahat” ketika ia tak hanya berpengaruh pada cara berpikir, tetapi terinstitusionalisasi dan dijaga secara berkesinambungan dalam tradisi, menjadi budaya dalam arti yang luas. Misalnya Partriaki yang didukung oleh superioritas term “laki-laki” atas “perempuan”.

Di sinilah, dekonstruksi menjadi sejenis perlawanan terhadap kekerasan, ketimpangan, penguasaan, dan marjinalisasi. Ia mencari oposisi biner dalam sebuah teks, sistem pemikiran atau institusi lalu menentukan term mana yang mendominasi dan term mana yang didominasi kemudian mendekonstruksinya. Namun begitu, dekonstruksi tak dimaksudkan untuk berhenti sekadar membalikkan tatanan lama, sehingga term yang dulu didominasi balik mendominasi. Sebab jika hal itu terjadi, maka dekonstruksi masih terpenjara dalam ruang lingkup hierarki oposisi biner yang hendak dibongkarnya. Ia mesti mencari sebuah tatanan yang alternatif di luar tatanan oposisi biner ini. Namun penyelesaiannya bukanlah “sintesis” sebagaimana Hegel mendamaikan “tesis” dan “sintesis” dalam teori pertentangan kelasnya.

Menurut Derrida, perbedaan dalam oposisi biner tak mungkin didamaikan tanpa sebuah kekerasan lantaran hakikat perbedaan telah menjadi kondisi bagi sebuah sistem penandaan lewat tanda-tandanya. Tanpa perbedaan seluruh sistem penandaan bakal ambruk dan tak ada lagi makna yang tersisa. Mendekonstruksi hanyalah berarti mencoba membebaskan teks dari budaya dominan dan tradisi yang represif untuk menghadirkan sebuah teks baru yang plural dan semarak. Teks baru yang akan segera digantikan oleh kehadiran teks baru lagi.

Penutup: Sebuah Perayaan Bagi Kematian Logos

Apabila seorang Nietzche memproklamirkan “Kematian Tuhan” untuk menandai “Kelahiran (kembali) Manusia”, seorang Jacques Derrida dengan dekonstruksinya telah mengisyaratkan bagi kita sebuah “Kematian Logosentrisme” menuju “Kelahiran Differ(a)nce”, setelah teks sebagai totalitas retak dan tak ada lagi yang mampu menebus makna. Setiap teks menyisakan residu, pecahan-pecahan dari “kehadiran” yang telah musnah atau tertunda.

Differ(a)nce yang diciptakan oleh Derrida untuk menggantikan kosa kata lama yang tak lagi memadai memang mirip dengan difference yang berarti perbedaan, namun differ(a)nce-nya Derrida melampaui perbedaan yang menunjukkan ketidaksamaan dua hal dan penundaan yang tak memungkinkan suatu kehadiran. Konon, ini adalah strategi Derrida untuk menunjukkan sifat bahasa yang ambigu.

Istilah ini diibaratkan oleh Derrida sebagai sebuah “kuburan” bagi fonosentrisme (kedudukan phone—suara) dalam bahasa dan “batu nisan” (penanda) kematian logosentrisme yang mengagungkan kepastian makna dan mencemaskan ambiguitas bahasa.

Differance, dengan begitu, mengawali sebuah era baru bagi metafora yang kaya akan makna dan menandai kematian makna literal yang sebelumnya demikian istimewa dalam ranah filsafat. Ia mengakui jika differance bukanlah konsep yang harus menunjuk pada referensi tetap dan karenanya tidak memiliki eksistensi atau esensi serta tak dapat dimaksudkan sebagai sebuah bentuk kehadiran atau ketidakhadiran.

Differance hanyalah semacam muslihat untuk memperlihatkan perbedaan-perbedaan implisit dan mengulurkan tantangan terhadap totalitas makna dalam teks. Differance selalu berhasrat menggelar kembali “logika permainan” yang direpresikan oleh logika dominan pengarang dengan terus-terusan mempertanyakan kembali asumsi yang mapan dan mengujinya dengan kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru yang lebih radikal, paradoksal, dan absurd. Ia menjadi sebuah ruang untuk membangun keragaman perspektif terhadap “teks” yang harus dibiarkan apa adanya: goyah, bergelombang, dan kasak-kusuk.

Dekonstruksi Derrida barangkali dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah pembelaan terhadap the other (yang lain), makna berbeda dari teks dan logika, sebuah pembebasan makna tanpa harus terjebak menjadi nihilisme naif seperti yang kerap disalahpahami sekian banyak orang, terutama para penentangnya. Dekonstruksi bergerak melampaui nihilisme naif seraya terus mengingatkan jika setiap konstruksi tak bisa menghindar dari karakter metaforis dan intertekstual bahasa sehingga pada akhirnya kebenaran (logos) pun menjadi begitu rentan dan tidak tunggal.

Ini semua dilakukan Derrida semata-mata membebaskan penafsiran dari beban makna, membongkar modus membaca dan menafsir yang mendominasi dan menjayakan fundamen hierarki. Bagi Derrida, realitas sesungguhnya tidak pernah ada lantara segalanya telah dikonstruksi secara budaya, linguistik atau historis. Yang ada hanya “teks”. Maka, realitas mestilah dipahami terdiri dari beragam teks dengan kebenaran yang plural (tak ada universal).

Demikianlah, “kematian” logosentrisme ini berhasrat menabuh gong bagi kelahiran sebuah dunia baru yang tanpa pusat, tanpa subyek, tanpa ontologi, tanpa sandaran makna dan kebenaran.

Karenanya, tak ada makna yang bakal menetap dalam hidup kita. Sebab makna akan terus berubah mengikuti perubahan konstelasi relasi manusia dengan ruang lingkupnya. Dan setiap teks memiliki ketakterhinggaan lapisan makna, yang terus-menerus dibaca berbeda-beda oleh pembaca yang berbeda, kepentingan yang berbeda, waktu yang berbeda, lalu selayak burung phoenix, ia pun kemudian bakal terlahir kembali dari abunya.[]

Nb: Artikel ini merupakan catatan masa kuliah penulis

Sumber ilustrasi:

Rujukan: Berbagai Sumber

883 Comments on “DERRIDA: Sebuah Perayaan Kematian Logos”

  1. Wow, awesome blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?
    you made running a blog look easy. The total glance of your
    site is wonderful, let alone the content material! You
    can see similar here ecommerce

  2. Great blog here! Also your website loads up fast! What web host are you using?
    Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours lol I saw
    similar here: E-commerce

  3. Hey! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my blog to rank
    for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good gains.
    If you know of any please share. Thank you! You can read
    similar blog here: Ecommerce

  4. Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to help
    with SEO? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good gains.
    If you know of any please share. Many thanks! You can read similar article here: Najlepszy sklep

  5. Hi! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with SEO?
    I’m trying to get my site to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m
    not seeing very good success. If you know of any please share.
    Kudos! You can read similar text here: List of Backlinks

  6. Informative Site… Hello guys here are some links that contains information that you may find useful yourselves. It’s Worth Checking out 급전

  7. Your passion for the subject matter is evident in every post you write. This was another outstanding article. Thank you for sharing!coinsslot

  8. Hello!

    This post was created with XRumer 23 StrongAI.

    Good luck 🙂

  9. Hello.

    This post was created with XRumer 23 StrongAI.

    Good luck 🙂

  10. Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with Search Engine Optimization? I’m
    trying to get my site to rank for some targeted keywords
    but I’m not seeing very good gains. If you know of any please share.
    Thanks! You can read similar blog here: Good escape room

  11. I’ll immediately grasp your rss feed as I can’t find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly let me realize so that I may subscribe. Thanks!

  12. May I simply say what a relief to discover someone that actually knows what they are discussing on the web. You definitely realize how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people have to check this out and understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular given that you certainly have the gift.

  13. Hey! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with Search Engine Optimization? I’m
    trying to get my website to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good
    success. If you know of any please share. Thanks!
    You can read similar blog here

  14. An intriguing discussion is definitely worth comment. I do think that you ought to write more about this topic, it may not be a taboo subject but generally people do not speak about these issues. To the next! All the best!

  15. I quite like reading a post that will make men and women think. Also, many thanks for allowing for me to comment.

  16. Aw, this was an exceptionally good post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to generate a top notch article… but what can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and don’t manage to get anything done.

  17. You have made some good points there. I checked on the internet to learn more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this site.

  18. Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you finding the time and energy to put this content together. I once again find myself spending a lot of time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

  19. I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right
    here. The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter stylish.
    nonetheless, you command get got an shakiness over that
    you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably
    come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield
    this hike.

    My web page: find

  20. Hi, I do believe this is a great blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I am going to come back once again since i have bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide other people.

  21. Hi, I believe your website might be having internet browser compatibility issues. Whenever I take a look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening in IE, it’s got some overlapping issues. I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Apart from that, wonderful site!

  22. Right here is the right webpage for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I really will need to…HaHa). You certainly put a fresh spin on a topic that’s been written about for ages. Great stuff, just great.

  23. I’m pretty pleased to uncover this great site. I need to to thank you for ones time for this particularly wonderful read!! I definitely really liked every part of it and I have you bookmarked to look at new information on your website.

  24. Good day! I could have sworn I’ve visited this site before but after looking at some of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m certainly delighted I found it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back often!

  25. When I initially left a comment I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I recieve four emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is an easy method you can remove me from that service? Thanks a lot.

  26. Hi there! This article couldn’t be written much better! Looking at this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I most certainly will send this information to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a good read. Thanks for sharing!

  27. I needed to thank you for this good read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I have got you book-marked to check out new stuff you post…

  28. I’d like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in penning this website. I really hope to see the same high-grade blog posts from you in the future as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own, personal blog now 😉

  29. I’m impressed, I have to admit. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s equally educative and amusing, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is an issue that not enough folks are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I stumbled across this in my search for something regarding this.

  30. Howdy! This article could not be written much better! Looking through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept talking about this. I will send this post to him. Fairly certain he’s going to have a good read. Thanks for sharing!

  31. I have to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in penning this site. I really hope to see the same high-grade blog posts from you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my very own blog now 😉

  32. Spot on with this write-up, I truly believe that this amazing site needs a great deal more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the information!

  33. Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you finding the time and energy to put this informative article together. I once again find myself personally spending a lot of time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile.

  34. You need to be a part of a contest for one of the finest sites online. I most certainly will recommend this blog!

  35. An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a co-worker who has been doing a little research on this. And he in fact ordered me lunch because I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this subject here on your site.

  36. Howdy! This post couldn’t be written any better! Looking at this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept preaching about this. I will send this article to him. Fairly certain he’s going to have a great read. Thanks for sharing!

  37. Hello, There’s no doubt that your web site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in IE, it’s got some overlapping issues. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Apart from that, great site!

  38. Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular post! It’s the little changes which will make the biggest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!

  39. After I initially left a comment I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I receive 4 emails with the exact same comment. There has to be an easy method you can remove me from that service? Cheers.

  40. Good day! I could have sworn I’ve been to your blog before but after browsing through many of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m definitely happy I discovered it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back frequently.

  41. Having read this I thought it was really informative. I appreciate you finding the time and energy to put this content together. I once again find myself spending a significant amount of time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile!

  42. I quite like reading an article that will make men and women think. Also, thanks for permitting me to comment.

  43. You need to be a part of a contest for one of the greatest sites on the web. I am going to highly recommend this web site!

  44. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thank you, However I am going through troubles with your RSS. I don’t understand why I am unable to join it. Is there anyone else having the same RSS problems? Anybody who knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanx!

  45. Right here is the perfect site for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I actually will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a subject which has been discussed for a long time. Excellent stuff, just wonderful.

  46. Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely believe that this website needs far more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the advice!

  47. You’ve made some good points there. I looked on the internet to find out more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.

  48. I want to to thank you for this great read!! I certainly loved every little bit of it. I have you saved as a favorite to look at new stuff you post…

  49. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thanks, However I am experiencing troubles with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I can’t join it. Is there anybody else having similar RSS issues? Anyone that knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx!

  50. It’s difficult to find educated people about this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks

  51. Having read this I thought it was rather enlightening. I appreciate you finding the time and effort to put this short article together. I once again find myself spending a significant amount of time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worthwhile!

  52. Excellent site you’ve got here.. It’s difficult to find good quality writing like yours nowadays. I really appreciate people like you! Take care!!

  53. Good web site you have got here.. It’s hard to find good quality writing like yours nowadays. I really appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!

  54. I blog often and I truly thank you for your information. Your article has really peaked my interest. I am going to take a note of your website and keep checking for new information about once per week. I opted in for your RSS feed as well.

  55. you are really a good webmaster. The website loading speed is incredible. It seems that you’re doing any unique trick. Furthermore, The contents are masterwork. you’ve done a fantastic job on this topic!

  56. Way cool! Some extremely valid points! I appreciate you penning this post and also the rest of the site is very good.

  57. I blog often and I genuinely appreciate your information. This article has truly peaked my interest. I’m going to book mark your blog and keep checking for new details about once a week. I opted in for your RSS feed as well.

  58. Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It’s always useful to read articles from other writers and practice something from their sites.

  59. I need to to thank you for this very good read!! I absolutely loved every bit of it. I have got you bookmarked to look at new stuff you post…

  60. After I initially commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I receive four emails with the same comment. There has to be a means you can remove me from that service? Kudos.

  61. This is a topic that is close to my heart… Best wishes! Where can I find the contact details for questions?

  62. An intriguing discussion is worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you need to write more about this issue, it might not be a taboo matter but generally people don’t talk about such issues. To the next! Best wishes.

  63. Great web site you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find excellent writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate people like you! Take care!!

  64. Good blog you have got here.. It’s difficult to find quality writing like yours nowadays. I honestly appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!

  65. To comply with regulatory demands, small fund managers allot an average of $700,000, medium-sized fund managers spend about $6 million, while bigger fund administrators put in about $14 million on compliance management.

  66. An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a coworker who has been conducting a little homework on this. And he actually bought me dinner because I found it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending some time to talk about this subject here on your web page.

  67. Hi there! This blog post couldn’t be written any better! Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept preaching about this. I will forward this information to him. Pretty sure he will have a great read. Thank you for sharing!

  68. Everything is very open with a clear explanation of the issues. It was really informative. Your site is very useful. Thank you for sharing!

  69. This is a topic that is close to my heart… Best wishes! Exactly where can I find the contact details for questions?

  70. Hi there! This post could not be written much better! Looking through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I will forward this post to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a great read. Thank you for sharing!

  71. Hello there! This article could not be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He constantly kept talking about this. I am going to send this information to him. Pretty sure he’s going to have a great read. Thank you for sharing!

  72. Hello! I could have sworn I’ve visited this blog before but after looking at many of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely delighted I found it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back regularly!

  73. Hello there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Looking through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I am going to send this post to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a good read. I appreciate you for sharing!

  74. An interesting discussion is definitely worth comment. I do believe that you should publish more on this subject matter, it might not be a taboo matter but typically folks don’t talk about such issues. To the next! Kind regards!

  75. Right here is the perfect blog for anybody who hopes to understand this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I really would want to…HaHa). You definitely put a fresh spin on a topic which has been written about for years. Great stuff, just excellent.

  76. Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve visited your blog before but after looking at many of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely pleased I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back frequently!

  77. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who has been conducting a little research on this. And he in fact ordered me lunch due to the fact that I stumbled upon it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to talk about this issue here on your website.

  78. Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your website is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this web site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched everywhere and just couldn’t come across. What a great website.

  79. This is the right website for everyone who wishes to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a brand new spin on a topic which has been written about for a long time. Wonderful stuff, just wonderful.

  80. I was pretty pleased to discover this great site. I wanted to thank you for your time for this particularly wonderful read!! I definitely loved every bit of it and I have you book-marked to check out new stuff in your web site.

  81. I must thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I am hoping to see the same high-grade content from you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my own website now 😉

  82. When I initially commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I recieve 4 emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is an easy method you can remove me from that service? Many thanks.

  83. Hi, I believe your site could be having internet browser compatibility problems. When I take a look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening in I.E., it’s got some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, great blog.

  84. Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely think this website needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the info.

  85. May I simply say what a comfort to find somebody who genuinely understands what they are talking about on the net. You certainly realize how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More and more people ought to check this out and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you aren’t more popular because you certainly have the gift.

  86. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who had been conducting a little homework on this. And he actually ordered me lunch simply because I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this matter here on your blog.

  87. I blog often and I genuinely thank you for your content. This article has really peaked my interest. I’m going to book mark your site and keep checking for new information about once per week. I subscribed to your Feed as well.

  88. That is a good tip particularly to those new to the blogosphere. Brief but very precise information… Thank you for sharing this one. A must read post!

  89. I was very happy to discover this website. I need to to thank you for your time due to this fantastic read!! I definitely enjoyed every little bit of it and i also have you book marked to see new information on your site.

  90. Under the arts program, many artists, photographers, writers, and actors became government employees, working on a myriad of public projects ranging from painting murals to writing national park guidebooks.

  91. Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon every day. It will always be interesting to read articles from other authors and use a little something from other websites.

  92. Having read this I believed it was rather informative. I appreciate you taking the time and energy to put this article together. I once again find myself personally spending a lot of time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile.

  93. Hi, I do think this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I may return yet again since i have book-marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.

  94. A fascinating discussion is definitely worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you should write more about this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but generally people do not discuss such subjects. To the next! Best wishes!

  95. It can include all the digital information floating around out there in the ether of the Internet, the proprietary information of companies with whom we’ve done business and official government records, among a great many other things.

  96. Hi! I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could locate a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having problems finding one? Thanks a lot!

  97. May I just say what a comfort to uncover somebody that truly knows what they’re discussing on the web. You certainly realize how to bring a problem to light and make it important. A lot more people need to check this out and understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular since you most certainly possess the gift.

  98. Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Finding the time and actual effort to make a superb article… but what can I say… I put things off a whole lot and don’t manage to get anything done.

  99. After looking into a number of the blog articles on your site, I honestly appreciate your way of blogging. I book-marked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Please visit my website as well and tell me what you think.

  100. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Many thanks, However I am going through troubles with your RSS. I don’t know why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anybody else getting identical RSS problems? Anyone that knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx.

  101. That is a really good tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere. Simple but very precise information… Thanks for sharing this one. A must read post!

  102. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thanks, However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I can’t join it. Is there anyone else having identical RSS problems? Anyone who knows the answer will you kindly respond? Thanks!

  103. Greetings! Very useful advice within this article! It is the little changes that will make the most important changes. Many thanks for sharing!

  104. Everything is very open with a very clear explanation of the challenges. It was definitely informative. Your website is very helpful. Thanks for sharing.

  105. I must thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I’m hoping to check out the same high-grade content from you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own website now 😉

  106. Howdy! This blog post could not be written any better! Looking at this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I most certainly will send this article to him. Fairly certain he’s going to have a good read. Thanks for sharing!

  107. You have made some good points there. I checked on the internet for additional information about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.

  108. It is always preferable to take professional help from a trading consultant, because they have the right knowledge to guide a keen investor in his financial dealings.

  109. Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the pictures on this blog loading? I’m trying to determine if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any feed-back would be greatly appreciated.

  110. An intriguing discussion is worth comment. I do think that you need to write more about this subject, it may not be a taboo matter but usually people don’t talk about such topics. To the next! All the best.

  111. Your style is unique in comparison to other people I’ve read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I’ll just bookmark this web site.

  112. Hey, you used to write excellent, but the last few posts have been kinda boring… I miss your super writings. Past few posts are just a little bit out of track! come on!

  113. You are so cool! I do not think I have read through something like that before. So wonderful to find somebody with some original thoughts on this issue. Seriously.. many thanks for starting this up. This site is one thing that is required on the web, someone with some originality.

  114. After I initially commented I seem to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I receive four emails with the exact same comment. There has to be an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Many thanks.

  115. After exploring a number of the articles on your site, I really like your technique of blogging. I saved as a favorite it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back soon. Take a look at my web site as well and tell me your opinion.

  116. Hi there, There’s no doubt that your web site could possibly be having internet browser compatibility issues. When I take a look at your site in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in I.E., it has some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Apart from that, great website.

  117. Aw, this was a really nice post. Spending some time and actual effort to generate a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never seem to get nearly anything done.

  118. Hi, I do think this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I am going to revisit once again since I book-marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide other people.

  119. Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I am going to forward this post to him. Fairly certain he’ll have a good read. Thanks for sharing!

  120. Aw, this was an extremely nice post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to make a great article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never seem to get anything done.

  121. You are so awesome! I don’t suppose I’ve truly read through something like this before. So wonderful to discover somebody with some genuine thoughts on this subject. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This web site is something that is needed on the web, someone with a little originality.

  122. Having read this I believed it was really informative. I appreciate you spending some time and energy to put this information together. I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and posting comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

  123. I want to to thank you for this wonderful read!! I certainly loved every bit of it. I have got you book marked to check out new things you post…

  124. Hi, I do think this is a great site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I will come back once again since i have book marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.

  125. At the least one Twitter account that was previously engaged in elevating tensions for a proper-wing political candidate in Chile that, in 2020, immediately modified its profile description and on-line id and started tweeting solely pro-Depp and anti-Heard content.

  126. Property providers are the best place if one needs the top most available value for this home however many individuals have had their components on the noticeable for over six to nine several weeks despite the home being in fantastic situation and in wonderful areas.

  127. National Training Assessment System (NEAS) was launched in 2003 to develop national capacity for monitoring studying achievements of elementary college students and improve the standard of companies – curriculum, textual material, instructor’s delivery, coverage formulation.

  128. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту сотовых телефонов, смартфонов и мобильных устройств.
    Мы предлагаем: сервис по ремонту телефонов
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  129. An intriguing discussion is definitely worth comment. I think that you should publish more about this issue, it might not be a taboo matter but typically people don’t discuss these issues. To the next! Cheers!

  130. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту сотовых телефонов, смартфонов и мобильных устройств.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт смартфонов
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  131. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту ноутбуков, макбуков и другой компьютерной техники.
    Мы предлагаем:ремонт ноутбука macbook
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  132. Hi there! This post could not be written much better! Reading through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept talking about this. I am going to forward this information to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. I appreciate you for sharing!

  133. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this blog. I’m hoping to see the same high-grade content by you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my own website now 😉

  134. Aluminium-bronze changed cupro-nickel in the 5 franc in 1986, while nickel-plated iron replaced cupro-nickel in the 1 franc in 1988, which was additionally considerably reduced in dimension.

  135. An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who had been conducting a little research on this. And he actually ordered me dinner due to the fact that I found it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending the time to talk about this issue here on your web page.

  136. I’d like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website. I am hoping to see the same high-grade content from you later on as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own, personal website now 😉

  137. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту сотовых телефонов, смартфонов и мобильных устройств.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт смартфонов
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  138. Having read this I thought it was extremely enlightening. I appreciate you finding the time and effort to put this short article together. I once again find myself spending a lot of time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

  139. After going over a number of the blog posts on your web site, I honestly like your technique of blogging. I added it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Take a look at my website as well and tell me your opinion.

  140. Having read this I believed it was very enlightening. I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this article together. I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile.

  141. Aw, this was an incredibly nice post. Taking the time and actual effort to create a top notch article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never seem to get nearly anything done.

  142. In December 1802, in recognition of Kawila’s contribution in protection of the north in opposition to Burma, King Rama I appointed Kawila as the tributary ‘King of Chiang Mai’ with regnal identify Phra Boromma Rachathibodi (พระบรมราชาธิบดี), establishing the Chetton dynasty or Dynasty of Seven Princes who were sons of Chaikaew including Kawila himself and his siblings.

  143. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту ноутбуков и компьютеров.дронов.
    Мы предлагаем:починка ноутбука
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  144. Howdy! This blog post could not be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept preaching about this. I am going to forward this post to him. Fairly certain he’ll have a great read. Thanks for sharing!

  145. Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thanks, However I am encountering issues with your RSS. I don’t understand why I can’t join it. Is there anyone else getting identical RSS problems? Anyone who knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx.

  146. I really love your blog.. Great colors & theme. Did you create this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m planning to create my own site and would love to learn where you got this from or what the theme is called. Thank you!

  147. An intriguing discussion is worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you ought to publish more on this issue, it may not be a taboo subject but typically folks don’t speak about these issues. To the next! Cheers!

  148. Hi there! This blog post couldn’t be written any better! Looking through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept preaching about this. I am going to send this post to him. Pretty sure he’s going to have a great read. Many thanks for sharing!

  149. Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon everyday. It will always be interesting to read articles from other writers and use something from their websites.

  150. Hi there, I do think your website could be having browser compatibility issues. Whenever I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in IE, it has some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, excellent blog!

  151. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you so much, However I am going through problems with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I cannot join it. Is there anybody else getting identical RSS issues? Anybody who knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanx.

  152. Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you so much, However I am experiencing troubles with your RSS. I don’t understand why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anybody else getting identical RSS issues? Anyone that knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanx!

  153. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем:сервисные центры по ремонту техники в спб
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  154. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту планетов в том числе Apple iPad.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт планшетов айпад
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  155. By OneWest Financial institution the investment group bought two different failed banks from the FDIC, the first Federal Bank of California on December 18, 2009, which then had $6 billion in assets and $5 billion in deposits, and La Jolla Bank, FSB in February 2010, which then represented $3.6 billion in assets.

  156. The deal established BTG Pactual as the most important unbiased forest asset manager in Latin America and one in every of the largest on the planet, with belongings of US$3bn and a portfolio of 716,000 hectares of land in North America, Latin America, Europe and Africa.

  157. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту радиоуправляемых устройства – квадрокоптеры, дроны, беспилостники в том числе Apple iPad.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт дрона
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  158. You’re so interesting! I don’t suppose I have read through anything like that before. So great to find another person with some original thoughts on this subject matter. Seriously.. thank you for starting this up. This web site is something that is required on the web, someone with some originality.

  159. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту радиоуправляемых устройства – квадрокоптеры, дроны, беспилостники в том числе Apple iPad.
    Мы предлагаем: сервис квадрокоптеров
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  160. An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a colleague who had been conducting a little homework on this. And he actually bought me lunch due to the fact that I found it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this issue here on your site.

  161. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in penning this blog. I’m hoping to see the same high-grade content from you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my own, personal site now 😉

  162. May I just say what a relief to find someone who really understands what they’re discussing on the internet. You actually understand how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More people must check this out and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you are not more popular because you certainly possess the gift.

  163. Your style is unique in comparison to other people I have read stuff from. Many thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this blog.

  164. This is the perfect webpage for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You know so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You definitely put a fresh spin on a topic that’s been written about for ages. Excellent stuff, just excellent.

  165. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту ноутбуков и компьютеров.дронов.
    Мы предлагаем:ремонт ультрабук
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  166. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем:сервис центры бытовой техники петербург
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  167. I’m impressed, I must say. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both equally educative and interesting, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head. The problem is something not enough folks are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I came across this in my search for something regarding this.

  168. An interesting discussion is definitely worth comment. I do think that you should publish more on this subject, it might not be a taboo matter but typically people don’t discuss such topics. To the next! Best wishes.

  169. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a friend who has been doing a little homework on this. And he in fact ordered me breakfast because I stumbled upon it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending the time to discuss this topic here on your web page.

  170. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем:сервисные центры в екатеринбурге
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  171. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту варочных панелей и индукционных плит.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт варочных панелей с гарантией
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  172. After looking into a handful of the blog posts on your web page, I honestly appreciate your technique of blogging. I saved as a favorite it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back in the near future. Please check out my website too and let me know your opinion.

  173. I’m extremely pleased to discover this great site. I wanted to thank you for ones time for this wonderful read!! I definitely loved every part of it and I have you saved to fav to see new information on your blog.

  174. Right here is the right web site for anybody who wants to understand this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a brand new spin on a subject that’s been discussed for many years. Wonderful stuff, just great.

  175. Spot on with this write-up, I really believe this website needs a lot more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the information!

  176. Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you, However I am experiencing problems with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I can’t join it. Is there anybody getting identical RSS issues? Anyone who knows the answer will you kindly respond? Thanks!!

  177. A motivating discussion is definitely worth comment. I do think that you need to publish more on this subject, it may not be a taboo matter but typically people do not speak about these subjects. To the next! Cheers!

  178. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем: сервисные центры по ремонту техники в москве
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  179. I blog quite often and I really appreciate your content. This article has truly peaked my interest. I will bookmark your blog and keep checking for new information about once a week. I subscribed to your RSS feed too.

  180. Can I just say what a relief to find somebody that truly knows what they are discussing on the internet. You certainly know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More and more people should check this out and understand this side of your story. I was surprised that you’re not more popular given that you surely have the gift.

  181. This is the perfect blog for everyone who wants to understand this topic. You know a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You definitely put a brand new spin on a subject that has been written about for many years. Great stuff, just great.

  182. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Many thanks, However I am having troubles with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I can’t join it. Is there anybody getting the same RSS problems? Anyone that knows the answer will you kindly respond? Thanx!!

  183. Having read this I thought it was rather enlightening. I appreciate you taking the time and energy to put this informative article together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and posting comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

  184. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем:сервисные центры по ремонту техники в екб
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  185. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту варочных панелей и индукционных плит.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт варочных панелей москва
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  186. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who was doing a little research on this. And he actually ordered me dinner because I found it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending time to talk about this topic here on your internet site.

  187. You have made some decent points there. I looked on the net to learn more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this web site.

  188. Hi, I do believe this is a great blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I may come back yet again since I book marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.

  189. Next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesn’t fail me just as much as this one. After all, Yes, it was my choice to read through, nonetheless I actually believed you would probably have something useful to say. All I hear is a bunch of crying about something that you could fix if you weren’t too busy searching for attention.

  190. Can I simply just say what a relief to uncover a person that really understands what they are talking about on the web. You certainly know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to check this out and understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular given that you definitely possess the gift.

  191. Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Taking the time and actual effort to produce a really good article… but what can I say… I put things off a lot and don’t manage to get nearly anything done.

  192. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту фото техники от зеркальных до цифровых фотоаппаратов.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт фотокамер
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  193. I’m amazed, I must say. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s equally educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is something which not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy that I came across this during my search for something regarding this.

  194. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you so much, However I am experiencing difficulties with your RSS. I don’t know why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anyone else getting identical RSS problems? Anyone who knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanks.

  195. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thank you so much, However I am having troubles with your RSS. I don’t understand why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anybody else having similar RSS problems? Anyone who knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx.

  196. I blog often and I seriously appreciate your information. Your article has really peaked my interest. I am going to bookmark your website and keep checking for new details about once per week. I subscribed to your Feed too.

  197. Right here is the perfect blog for anyone who wishes to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I actually would want to…HaHa). You definitely put a fresh spin on a topic that’s been discussed for ages. Great stuff, just wonderful.

  198. Hello there! This article could not be written any better! Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I most certainly will send this post to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a very good read. Thank you for sharing!

  199. Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon everyday. It will always be interesting to read content from other authors and use something from other websites.

  200. Hi, I do think this is an excellent web site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I will return yet again since i have book-marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.

  201. This is the right web site for anyone who wishes to understand this topic. You realize so much its almost tough to argue with you (not that I actually will need to…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a subject that’s been discussed for decades. Excellent stuff, just great.

  202. Hi there! This article could not be written any better! Looking through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he’s going to have a very good read. I appreciate you for sharing!

  203. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту фото техники от зеркальных до цифровых фотоаппаратов.
    Мы предлагаем: ремонт фотоаппрата в москве
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  204. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем:ремонт крупногабаритной техники в новосибирске
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  205. You are so cool! I don’t suppose I’ve read something like this before. So nice to discover somebody with original thoughts on this subject matter. Really.. thanks for starting this up. This site is something that’s needed on the internet, someone with a little originality.

  206. Профессиональный сервисный центр по ремонту бытовой техники с выездом на дом.
    Мы предлагаем:сервисные центры в новосибирске
    Наши мастера оперативно устранят неисправности вашего устройства в сервисе или с выездом на дом!

  207. You are so awesome! I do not think I’ve truly read through something like that before. So great to discover another person with original thoughts on this subject. Really.. many thanks for starting this up. This web site is one thing that is required on the internet, someone with a bit of originality.

  208. Hi, I do believe this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I am going to return once again since i have bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide other people.